Kraftwerkstechnik 2

Inhalte

Fundamentals of heat transfer: Heat transfer mechanisms, Fourier's law, Newton's law of cooling, radiative heat transfer, general heat conduction equations, boundary and initial conditions, heat transfer by conduction cases – plane wall, composite wall, cylinder, concentric cylinder, sphere Heat exchangers: Introduction to heat exchangers, classification, LMTD method, effectiveness-NTU method, fouling factor, overall heat transfer coefficient, shell and tube heat exchangers – construction, parts, standards and codes, fluid stream allocations, thermo-hydraulic analysis, KERN method, demonstration by example of KERN method Pumps: Introduction to pumps, classification, positive displacement pumps, rotodynamic pumps, characteristics of positive displacement pumps, centrifugal pumps, heads in centrifugal pumps, pump power, efficiency, characteristic curves of centrifugal pumps, priming, cavitation, NPSH, pump operation in parallel and series, sizing of pumps – demonstration by example Steam generators: Fundamentals of steam generators, major components, classification, fire tube boilers, water tube boilers, components of water tube boilers, heat absorption in water tube boilers, forced circulation boilers, natural circulation boilers, once-through boilers, economizers, superheaters, air preheater, de-superheating and attemperator, supercritical boilers, ultra-supercritical technology, maintenance of steam generators Introduction to compressible flow and steam turbines: Fundamentals of compressible flow, Mach number, compressibility, stagnation properties, one-dimensional isentropic flow, nozzles, diffusers, mass flow through converging nozzle, flow in steam nozzles, nozzle efficiency, basics of turbines, classification of steam turbines, impulse and reaction turbines, staging, degree of reaction, compounding, condensing and non-condensing turbines, maintenance of steam turbines Steam condensers and cooling water system: Fundamentals of steam condensers, major components, condenser types, direct contact condensers, surface condensers, vacuum in the condenser, vacuum efficiency, sources of air in condensers, condenser efficiency, cooling systems in power plants, circulation, cooling towers, components of cooling towers, performance parameters of a cooling tower, natural and mechanical draft cooling towers Power plant emissions and their mitigation: Emissions in power plants, environmental impact assessment (EIA), flue gas cleaning methods, particulate matter and its cleaning methods, sulfur compounds (SO x ), methods for SO x reduction, nitrogen oxides (NO x ), methods for NO x reduction, mitigation options for CO 2 emissions, carbon capture technologies (CCT)